Articles and Chapters (Published, submitted and in-press)

Spencer, M. B. (in press) Commentary, Research in Human Development, 2006, Vol. 3, No. 4, Pages 271-280

Spencer, M. B. (2006 September/October) Invited editorial: Revisiting the 1990 Special Issue on Minority Children: An editorial perspective 15 years later, Child Development, Vol. 77(5), 1149-54.

Spencer, M. B., & Harpalani, V. (2006). What does "acting White" actually mean?: Racial identity, adolescent development, and academic achievement among African American youth. In J.U. Ogbu (Ed.), Minority Status, Collective Identity and Schooling.: Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Spencer, M. B., DuPree, D. & Fegley, S. (submitted). Identity as coping in diverse levels of context: Adolescents’ developmental challenges and opportunities. In Rainer K. Silbereisen & Richard M. Lerner (Eds.), Approaches to Positive Youth Development.

Youngblood, J. and Spencer, M. B. (in-press). Start on Success Scholars Programming. In. Hoagwood, K., McKay, Olin et al (Eds.) Community Collaborations Casebook., London: Oxford University Press.

Fegley, S. G., Spencer, M. B., Goss, T. N., Harpalani, V., & Charles, N. (in press). Bodily self- awareness: Skin color and psychosocial well-being in adolescence. In W. Overton & U. Mueller (Eds.), Body in mind, mindin body: Developmental perspectives on embodiment and consciousness. Mahwah, NJ: LEA Inc.

Spencer, M. B., Fegley, S. and Dupree, D. (2006). Investigating and Linking Social Conditions of African-American Children and Adolescents with Emotional Well-Being. Ethnicity & Disease, 16(2) s3-67 – 70.

Spencer, M. B. (2006). Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups In W. Damon and R. Lerner (Eds.), (6th Edition) Handbook of Child Psychology, vol. 1, (Chap. 15, Theory Volume) (pp. 829-893). New York: Wiley Publishers.

Spencer, M. B., Harpalani, V., Cassidy, E., Jacobs, C., Donde, S., Goss, T., Miller, M.-M., Charles, N., Wilson, S. (2006). Understanding vulnerability and resilience from a normative development perspective: Implications for racially and ethnically diverse youth (Chap. 16). In D. Chicchetti and E. Cohen (Ed.) Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. 1, pp. 627-672. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishers.

Spencer, M. B. (2006) A brief “history” of two milestone developmental publications on black children. In Our children too: A history of the black caucus of the society for research in child development, 1973-1997. SRCD Monographs (Editors D. Slaughter, A. Garrett, and Al Harrison) (Chap. 10). Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 71(1) Serial No. 283, Ann Arbor, MI.

Slaughter-Defoe, D, Spencer, M. B. and Oyemade, U. (2006) The Atlanta child murders and the Black caucus of SRCD. In Our children too: A history of the black caucus of the society for research in child development, 1973-1997. SRCD Monographs (Editors D. Slaughter, A. Garrett, and Al Harrison) (Chap. 6). Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 71(1) Serial No. 283, Ann Arbor, MI.

Spencer, M. B. (2005) Crafting identities and accessing opportunity post Brown. American Psychologist ,60(8), pp. 821-830.

Spencer, M.B., & Swanson, D.P. (2005). Ethnocentrism. In A.H. Forman (Ref. Proj. Ed.), APA Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press

Swanson, D., Cunningham, M., Spencer, M.B., (2005) (REPRINT). “Black Males’ Structural Conditions, Achievement Patterns, Normative Needs, and “Opportunities” in (Olatokunbo Fashola, Editor) Educating African American males ( pp. 229-254), Corwin Press: Thousand Oaks, CA. (Reprinted)

Spencer, M.B., Noll, E., Cassidy, E., (2005). Monetary incentives in support of academic achievement: results of a randomized field trial involving high-achieving, low-resource, ethnically diverse urban adolescents, Evaluation Research, 29(3), 199-222.

Harpalani, V., & Spencer, M.B. (2005). Racism, In C.B. Fisher & R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Applied developmental science: An encyclopedia of research, policies, and programs (pp. 905-909). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Spencer, M. B., Fegley, S. G., Harpalani, V., & Seaton, G. (2004). Understanding hypermasculinity in context: A theory-driven analysis of urban adolescent males' coping responses. Research in Human Development, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 229-257.

Spencer, M.B., Harpalani, V. (2004) Nature, nurture, & the question of “How?”: A Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory. In C. Garcia-Coll, K. Kearer and R. Lerner (Eds.) (Chap 3) Nature and nurture: The complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences on human behavior and development (pp.53-77). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Spencer, M. B. and Jones-Walker, C. (2004). Interventions and services offered to former juvenile offenders Reentering their communities: an analysis of program effectiveness. Journal of Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, Vol. 2, 88-97), Sage Publications.

Spencer, M. B., & Cassidy, E. (2004). A broader view of service learning: Using a phenomenological approach to frame service learning among high-school-aged youth. Chapter prepared for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Spencer, M.B., Cross, W.E., Harpalani, V., & Goss, T.N. (2003). Historical and developmental perspectives on Black academic achievement: Debunking the “acting White” myth and posing new directions for research. In C. C. Yeakey & R.D. Henderson (Eds.), Surmounting all odds: Education, opportunity and society in the new millennium (pp. 273-304). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.

Swanson, D., Cunningham, M., Spencer, M.B., (2003). “Black Males’ Structural Conditions, Achievement Patterns, Normative Needs, and “Opportunities” Urban Education Journal, Sage Publications, Inc. Vol. 38, ( pp 608-633).

Cunningham, M., Swanson, D.P., Spencer, M.B., & Dupree, D. (2003). The Association of Physical Maturation with Family Hassles in African American Adolescent Males. Journal of Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, (pp. 274-276).

Cunningham, M., Swanson, D. P., Spencer, M B.(2003). Black males’ structural conditions, achievement patterns, normative needs and opportunities. Urban Education, 38, 608-603.

Lee, C, Spencer, M.B., & Harpalani, V. (2003). Every Shut Eye Ain’t Sleep: Studying How People Live Culturally. Educational Researcher Journal. Vol. 32, No.5, (pp 6-13).

Swanson, D.P., Spencer, M.B., Harpalani, V., Noll, L., Seaton, G., & Ginzberg, S. (2003) Psychosocial development in racially and ethnically diverse groups: Conceptual and methodological changes in the 21st century. Development and Psychopathology 15, (743-771) Cambridge University Press. Psychopathology. pp.743-771.

Spencer, M.B., Dupree, D., Cunningham, M., Harpalani, V., & Munoz-Miller, M. (2003). Vulnerability to violence: A contextually-sensitive, developmental perspective on African American adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 59, No 1, (pp. 33-49).

Spencer, M.B., Fegley, S., and Harpalani, V. (2003). A theoretical and empirical examination of identity as coping: Linking coping resources to the self processes of African American youth. Journal of Applied Developmental Science 7(3), (pp. 181-187).

Fisher, C.B., Hoagwood, K., Boyce, C., Duster, T., Frank, D., Grisso, T., Levine, R.J., Macklin, R., Spencer, M.B., Takanishi, R., Trimble, J.E., Zayas, L.H. (December 2002). Research Ethics for Mental Health Science Involving Ethnic Minority Children and Youths. American Psychologist 57(12), (pp. 1024-1040).

Swanson, D.P., Spencer, M.B., Dell’Angleo, T., Harpalani, V., & Spencer, T. (2002). Identity processes and the positive youth development of African Americans: An explanatory framework. In C.S. Taylor, R.M. Lerner, & A. von Eye (Eds.), Pathways to positive youth development among gang and non-gang youth (pp. 73-99) New directions for youth development, No. 95 (Gnoam, Series Ed.). San Francisco: Josey-Bass.

Spencer, M.B., Harpalani, V., Fegley, S., Dell’Angelo, T., & Seaton, G. (2002). Identity, self, and peers in context: A culturally-sensitive, developmental framework for analysis. In R.M. Lerner, F. Jacobs, D. Wertlieb, (Eds.), Handbook of applied developmental science: Promoting positive child, adolescent, and family development through research, policies, and programs, Vol. 1. (pp. 123-142). Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications.

Spencer, M.B., Harpalani, V. & Dell’Angelo, T. (2002). Structural racism and community health: A theory-driven model for identity intervention. In W. Allen, M.B. Spencer, & C. O’Connor (Eds.), New perspectives on African American education: Race, achievement and social inequality, Vol. 2, (pp 259-282). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.

Youngblood, J., & Spencer, M.B. (2002). Integrating normative identity processes and academic support requirements for special needs adolescents: The application of an identity-focused cultural ecological (ICE) perspective. Journal of Applied Developmental Science, 6(2). (pp. 95-108).

Spencer, M.B., Silver, L.J., Seaton, G., Tucker, S.R., Cunningham, M., Harpalani, V. (2001). Race and gender influences on teen parenting: An identity-focused cultural-ecological perspective. In T. Urdan & F. Pajares (Eds.), Adolescence and education: General issues in the education of adolescents (pp. 231-268). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Spencer, M.B., & Harpalani, V. (2001). Identity in African-American adolescents. In J.V. Lerner & R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Adolescence in America: An encyclopedia (pp. 26-30). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Spencer, M.B., & Harpalani, V. (2001). Research on African-American adolescents. In J.V. Lerner & R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Adolescence in America: An encyclopedia (pp. 30-32). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Spencer, M.B., Noll, E., & Stoltzfus, J., & Harpalani, V. (2001). Identity and school adjustment: Revisiting the “acting White” assumption. Educational Psychologist, 36(1), 21-30.

Spencer, M.B. (2001). Resiliency and fragility factors associated with the contextual experiences of low resource urban African American male youth and families. In A. Booth & A. Crouter (Eds.), Does it take a village?: Community effects in children, adolescents and families (pp. 51-77). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Spencer, M.B. (2001). Identity, achievement orientation and race: “Lessons learned” about the normative developmental experiences of African American males. In W. Watkins, et al. (Eds.), Race and education pp. 100-127). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Spencer, M.B., Ashford, C., Thompson, T., & Hartman, T. (2000). Exploring African American adolescents’ home and school psychosocial contexts of career development. In C. Camp Yeakey (Ed.), Edmund W. Gordon: Producer of knowledge, pursuer of understanding (pp. 33-71). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc.

Spencer, M.B., & Swanson, D.P. (2000). Promoting positive outcomes for youth: Resourceful families and communities. In S. Danziger & J. Waldfogel (Eds.), Securing the future (pp. 182-204). New York, NY: The Russell Sage Foundation Press.

Cunningham, M., & Spencer, M.B. (2000). Conceptual and methodological issues in studying minority adolescents. In R. Montemayor, G.R. Adams, & T.P. Gullotta (Eds.), Adolescent diversity in ethnic, economic, and cultural contexts (pp. 235-257). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

Spencer, M.B. (1999). Transitions and continuities in cultural values: Kenneth Clark revisited. In R.L. Jones (Ed.), African American children, youth and parenting (pp. 183-208). Hampton, VA: Cobb and Henry.

Spencer, M.B. (1999). Social and cultural influences on school adjustment: The application of an identity-focused cultural ecological perspective. Educational Psychologist, 34(1), 43-57.

Swanson, D.P., & Spencer, M.B. (1999). Developmental and cultural context considerations for research on African American adolescents. In H. Fitzgerald, B.M. Lester, & B. Zuckerman (Eds.), Children of color: Research, health and public policy issues (pp. 53-72). New York: Garland Publishing Inc.

Spencer, M.B., & Dornbusch S.M. (1998) (REPRINT). Challenges in studying minority youth. In R.E. Muuss & H.D. Portion (Eds.), Adolescent behavior and society: A book of readings, (5th ed., pp. 316-330). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Spencer, M.B., Dupree, D., Swanson, D.P., & Cunningham, M. (1998). The influence of physical maturation and hassles on African American adolescents' learning behaviors. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 29 (1), 189-200 (Special issue).

Swanson, D.P., Spencer, M.B., & Petersen, A. (1998). Identity formation in adolescence. In K. Borman & B. Schneider (Eds.), The adolescent years: Social influences & educational challenges, ninety-seventh Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education - Part 1 (pp. 18-41). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Dupree, D., Spencer, M.B., & Bell, S. (1997). The ecology of African-American child development: Normative and non-normative outcomes. In G. Johnson-Powell & Y. Yamamoto (Eds.), Transcultural child psychiatry: A portrait of America’s children (pp. 237-268). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Halpern-Felsher, B., Connell, J., Spencer, M.B., Aber, J.L., Duncan, G., Clifford, E., & Crichlow, W. (1997). Neighborhood and family factors predicting educational risk and attainment in African-American and European-American children and adolescents. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G. Duncan, & J. Lawrence Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children Vol. 1 (pp. 146-173). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.

Spencer, M.B., Cole, S.P., Jones, S., & Swanson, D.P. (1997). Neighborhood and family influences on young urban adolescents’ behavior problems: A multisample multisite analysis. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G. Duncan, & J. Lawrence Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children Vol. 1 (pp. 200-218). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.

Burton, L., Price-Spratlen, T., & Spencer, M.B. (1997). On ways of thinking about measuring neighborhoods: Implications for studying context and developmental outcomes for children. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G. Duncan, & J. Lawrence Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children Vol. 2 (pp. 132-144). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.

Spencer, M.B., McDermott, P.A., Burton, L.M., & Kochman, T.J. (1997). An alternative approach to assessing neighborhood effects on early adolescent achievement and problem behavior. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G. Duncan, & J. Lawrence Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children Vol. 2 (pp. 145-163). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.

Spencer, M.B., Dupree, D., & Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 817-833.

McDermott, P.A., & Spencer, M.B. (1997). Racial and social class prevalence of psychopathology among school age youth in the United States. Youth and Society,28(4), 387-414.

Swanson, D.P., & Spencer, M.B. (1997). Developmental considerations of gender-linked attributes during adolescence. In R.D. Taylor & M.C. Wang (Eds.), Social and emotional adjustment and family relations in ethnic minority families (pp. 181-199). Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Spencer, M.B., Dupree, D., Swanson, D.P., & Cunningham, M. (1996). Parental monitoring and adolescents’ sense of responsibility for their own learning: An examination of sex differences. Journal of Negro Education, 65(1), 30-43.

Spencer, M.B., Swanson, D.P., & Glymph, A. (1996). The prediction of parental psychological functioning: Influences of African American adolescent perceptions and experiences of context. In C.D. Ryff & M.M. Seltzer, (Eds.), The parental experience in midlife (pp. 337-380). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Spencer, M.B., & Dupree, D. (1996). African American youths' eco cultural challenges and psychosocial opportunities: An alternative analysis of problem behavior outcomes. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 7, Adolescence: Opportunities and Challenges (pp. 259-282). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Spencer, M.B. (1996). Race awareness and racial stereotyping assessment: Cultural (racial) cognition. In R.L. Jones (Ed.), Handbook of tests and measure¬ments for Black populations (pp. 215-220). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.

Cunningham, M., & Spencer, M.B. (1996). The Black male experiences measure. In R.L. Jones (Ed.), Handbook of tests and measurements for Black populations (pp. 301-307). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.

Spencer, M.B., Blumenthal, J., & Richards, E. (1995). Child care and children of color. In J. Brooks Gunn & P. Lindsay Chase Lansdale (Eds.), Escape from poverty: What makes a difference for children (pp. 138-156). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Spencer, M.B., Cunningham, M., & Swanson, D.P. (1995). Identity as coping: Adolescent African American males' adaptive responses to high risk environments. In H.W. Harris, H.C. Blue, & E.H. Griffith (Eds.), Racial and ethnic identi¬ty (pp. 31 52). New York: Routledge.

Spencer, M.B. (1995). Old issues and new theorizing about African American youth: A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory. In R.L. Taylor (Ed.), Black youth: Perspectives on their status in the United States (pp. 37 69). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Connell, J.P., Spencer, M.B., & Aber, J.L. (1994). Educational risk and resilience in African American youth: Context, self, action and outcomes in school. Child Development, 65, 493 506.

Markstrom Adams, C. & Spencer, M.B. (1994). A model for identity intervention with minority adolescents. In S. Archer (Ed.), Interventions for adolescent identity development (pp. 84 102). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Fisher, C.B., Murray, J.P., Dill, J.L., Hagen, J.L., Hogan, J.M., Lerner, R.M., Rebok, G.W., Sigel, I., Sostek, A.M., Smyer, M.A., Spencer, M.B., & Wilcox, B. (1993). The national conference on graduate education in the applications of developmental science across the life span, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, 1 10.

Spencer, M.B. (1993). Personality and social adjustment of children in poverty, or character development in a combative context. The Child, Youth and Family Services Quarterly, 16(1), 8 9.

Spencer, M.B., Cole, S.P., Dupree, D., Glymph, A., & Pierre, P. (1993). Self efficacy among urban African American early adolescents: Exploring issues of risk, vulnerability and resilience. Development and Psychopathology (Special issue on resilience),5, 719 739.

Spencer, M.B. (1993). Black children and poverty: Self-concept development. In R.H. Wozniak (Ed.), Worlds of childhood reader (pp. 321-329). New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers.

Spencer, M.B. (1992). Adolescent African American male self esteem: Suggestions for mentoring program content. In Urban Institute Report.

Spencer, M.B., Swanson, D.P. & Cunningham, M. (1991). Ethnicity, ethnic identity and competence formation: Adolescent transition and identity transformation. Journal of Negro Education, 60(3), 366 387.

Swanson, D.P., & Spencer, M.B. (1991). Youth policy, poverty, and African-Ameri¬cans: Implications for resilience. Education and Urban Society, 24(1), 148 161.

Spencer, M.B. (1991). The plight of African American men in urban America. Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, March 19 and 21, 1991. Problems of African American males in urban America. Wash., DC: U.S. Gov. Printing Office.

Spencer, M.B. (1991). Identity, minority development of. In R.M. Lerner, A.C. Peterson, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Encyclopedia of adoles¬cence (pp. 525-528). New York: Garland Publishing.

Spencer, M.B., & Dornbusch, S. (1990). Challenges in studying minority youth. In S. Feldman, & G. Elliot (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 123-146). Cam¬bridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.

Spencer, M.B. (1990). Development of minority children: An introduction. Child Development, 61(2), 267 269.

Spencer, M.B. (1990). Parental values transmission: Implications for the development of African-American children. In J.B. Stewart, & H. Cheathan (Eds.), Interdisciplinary perspec¬tives on Black families (pp. 111 130). Atlanta, GA: Transactions.

Spencer, M.B., & Markstrom Adams, C. (1990). Identity processes among racial and ethnic minority children in America. Child Development 61(2), 290 310.

Spencer, M.B. (1989). Cognition, identity and social development as correlates of African American children's academic skills. Discussion paper series #1: The preschool and early childhood years Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Center for African and African American Studies (CAAS).

Spencer, M.B. (1988). Self concept development. In D.T. Slaughter (Ed.), Per¬spectives on Black child development: New directions for child development (pp. 59-72). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Spencer, M.B., Dobbs, B., & Swanson, D.P. (1988). African American adolescents: Adaptational processes and socioeconomic diversity in behavioral outcomes. Journal of Adolescence, 11, 117 137.

Spencer, M.B. (1987). Black children's ethnic identity formation: Risk and resilience of castelike minorities. In K.S. Phinney, & M.J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization (pp. 103-116). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Spencer, M.B., Kim, S., & Marshall, S. (1987). Double stratification and psy¬chological risk: Adaptational processes and school experiences of Black children. Journal of Negro Education, 56(1), 77 86.

Spencer, M.B. (1987). Select Committee on Children, Youth and Families House of Representatives (Hearing) 100th Congress. Race relations and adolescents: Coping with new realities (Report No. 73 234. Hearing held in Wash. D.C., March 27, 1987). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Spencer, M.B. (1986) (REPRINT). Black children's race awareness, racial attitudes, and self concept: A reinterpretation. In S. Chess, & A. Thomas (Eds.), Annual pro¬gress in child psychiatry and child development (pp. 616-630). NY: Brunner/Mazel, Inc.

Spencer, M.B. (1986). Risk and resilience: How Black children cope with stress. Social Science, 71(1), 22 26.

Spencer, M.B. (1986). Minority children and mental health: Old perspectives and new proposals. Proceedings of the CASSP Technical Assistance Center, Developmen¬tal Health Conference Summary for Programs for Minority Youth and their Families, 55 63.

Spencer, M.B. (1985). Teens, television and telephones: A survival guide for parents. Wash. DC: National Black Child Development Institute (NBCDI).

Spencer, M.B. (1985). Cultural cognition and social cognition as identity fac¬tors in Black children's personal social growth. In M.B. Spencer, G.K. Broo¬kins, & W. R. Allen (Eds.), Beginnings: The social and affective development of Black children (pp. 215-230). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Allen, W.R., Spencer, M.B., & Brookins, G.K. (1985). Synthesis: Black children keep on growing. In M.B. Spencer, G.K. Brookins, & W.R. Allen (Eds.), Begin¬nings: The social and affective development of Black children (pp. 301-314). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Spencer, M.B. (1985). Racial variation in achievement prediction: The school as a conduit for macro-structural cultural tension. In H. McAdoo, & J. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children (pp. 85-111). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Spencer, M.B. (1984). Black children's race awareness, racial attitudes, and self concept: A reinterpretation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(3), 433 441.

Spencer, M.B., & Wagner, M. (1984). Differential effects of expressive and receptive language use on the inference task performance of middle and lower income children. Journal of Black Psychology, 10(2), 43 62.

Spencer, M.B. (1983). Children's cultural values and parental child rearing strategies. Developmental Review, 3, 351 370.

Spencer, M.B. (1982). Personal and group identity of Black children: An alterna¬tive synthesis. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 106, 59 84.

Spencer, M.B. (1982). Preschool children's social cognition and cultural cogni¬tion: A cognitive developmental interpretation of race dissonance findings. Journal of Psychology, 112, 275 286.

Spencer, M.B., & Horowitz, F.D. (1973). Racial attitudes and color concept attitude modification in Black and Caucasian preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 9, 246 254.

PROCEEDINGS, REPORTS, AND UNREFEREED PAPERS

Spencer, M.B., Ashford, C., & Youngblood, J. (1999, November). The Philadelphia Start-On-Success (SOS) Scholars Internship Model Demonstration Program: Final Report. Funded by Anne E. Casey Foundation, 63 pages.

Spencer, M.B. (1982, March). Personal and group identity of Black children and patterns of child rearing. Proceedings of the National Council on Black Studies, Sixth Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Spencer, M.B. (1981, April). Final report: Personal social adjustment of minori¬ty group children (Report #5 R01 PHS MH 31106), Funded by NIMH, 354 pages.

Spencer, M.B. (1980). Black children's identity formation. In J. McAdoo, H. McAdoo, & W. Cross, Jr. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Empirical Research in Black Psychology. NIMH (DHEW): Washington, DC.

Spencer, M.B. (1977). The social cognitive and personality development of the Black preschool child: An exploratory study of developmental process. (University of Chicago). Dissertation Abstracts International, 38(1) July, 1977.

Spencer, M.B. (1976). The competence model as a viable alternative to IQ test gamesmanship. Proceedings of the Association of Black Psychologists, August 1 15, Chicago.

Slaughter, D.T., & Spencer, M.B. (1976). Modernization through education of moth¬er child dyads: Description of research strategy. Resources in Education (ERIC).

Spencer, M.B. (1970). The effects of systematic social (puppet) and token rein¬forcement on the modification of racial and color concept attitudes in preschool aged children. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

EDITED VOLUMES, MONOGRAPHS, BOOKS (Published and in press)

National Academy of Sciences Panel Membership Publication (2002). M.S. Donovan & C.T. Cross (Eds.), Minority students in special and gifted education. Report from the National Academies’ National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Allen, W.R., Spencer, M.B., and O’Connor, C. (2002). African American education: Race community, inequality and chievement – A tribute to Edgar G. Epps. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.

Spencer, M.B. (& McLoyd V.) (1990). Special issue (minority child development), Child Development, 61(2), Entire Issue.

National Academy of Sciences Panel Membership Publication (1990). Who Cares for America's Children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press [National Academy of Science Panel on Child Care Policy].

Spencer, M.B., (Brookins, G.K., & Allen, W.R.) (Eds.). (1985). Beginnings: Social and affective development of Black children. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.