Research Seminar in
Language Planning and Policy in Education
Professor Nancy H. Hornberger Mondays 12-2, Room 300
For appts, call or e-mail Lorraine
Hightower at 215-898-8435 or lorrains@gse.upenn.edu
Required Texts
Canagarajah,
A. Suresh, ed. (2005). Reclaiming the
local in language policy and practice.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
ISBN 0-8058-4593-3
Cooper, Robert L. (1989). Language
planning and social change.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-33641-4
Hornberger, Nancy H., ed.
(1996). Indigenous literacies in the Americas: Language planning from the
bottom up. Berlin: Mouton. ISBN 3-11-015217-7
Ricento, Thomas, ed. (2006). An introduction to language policy: Theory
and method. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-1498-3
Course blackboard (BB) site
available at https://courseweb.library.upenn.edu
Course Outline
Part I -- Language Planning and Policy (LPP): Theory
and method
1/25 Week 1 Global languages and multilingualism /
Historical, critical, ecological perspectives on LPP
2/1
Week 2 Language ideologies / LPP definitions and typologies
2/8 Week 3 Van
Pelt Introduction - meet in Goldstein Electronic Classroom
2/15 Week 4 Conceptual
and methodological approaches to LPP research
2/22 Week 5 LPP
processes and frameworks
3/1 Week 6 Official languages and national identities /
LPP policy goals: Officialization, nationalization, standardization
3/8 Break
3/15 Week 7 Minority
languages and education / LPP cultivation goals: Revival, maintenance, spread,
shift
3/22 Week 8 Local
languages and local identities / LPP corpus goals: Standardization,
graphization, modernization, reform, purism
3/29 Week 9 Endangered
languages and linguistic human rights / LPP and social change
Part II -- LPP Case Studies
in a Theoretical Framework
4/5 Week 10 Quechua LPP and
education in the Andes / Student research
4/12 Week 11 Student research
4/19 Week 12 Student research
4/26 Week 13 Student research
Course Requirements
·
Keep
up with the readings and participate in a focused and thoughtful way in seminar
discussions, panel presentations, and oral reports. (30%
of grade).
·
The
success of this seminar for all participants depends heavily on each one's timely
and thorough pursuit of your language planning case study. See description below. (Oral presentation - 35% of grade; paper - 35% of grade).
·
Students
are expected to complete all course work within the semester. If extenuating circumstances mean you cannot
turn in the written version of your study on time, you must request permission
to take an incomplete from me at least 2 weeks before the end of the
semester. To make up the incomplete, you
must turn in your work at least 4 weeks
before the end of the semester in which you wish to receive a grade. If the work is not made up after 1 year, your
incomplete becomes permanent.
The Language
Planning Case Study Requirement
Within the first few weeks of
the semester, you are expected to identify a language planning case in which
you will become expert through library research. I encourage you to direct this project toward
your dissertation research if you want to.
You should spend the first few
weeks exploring available resources on your topic. This syllabus includes some suggested general
references on language planning. Please
make an appointment to see me on an individual basis if you need help in
choosing your case or identifying resources.
Part of each of the first several class meetings will be devoted to
consideration of your case study topics and any references or resources you
have already identified or know about.
We will also hold one early meeting
at Van Pelt Library, where a reference librarian will introduce you to some of
the online resources Van Pelt offers.
At the meeting one week before your presentation, you will provide multiple
copies of 1 or 2 essential readings for your case for the other seminar members
to read in advance of your presentation.
Please follow these guidelines when submitting the readings:
·
keep
the total length of the readings to 30 pages or less
·
make
sure they are legible all the way through
·
make
sure they are complete (no pages missing)
·
identify
the author, source, date, and publisher on the first page of each reading.
You must keep to the specified time schedule for the sake of the
whole seminar.
Beginning with Week 10, we will
devote our seminar time to discussion of the cases you have researched. You will be responsible for leading the
class in discussion of your case, making
sure that both your presentation and the discussion draw on the theoretical
framework outlined in the first part of the course.
The written version of your
case study is due at our last course meeting.
Please follow these guidelines for the paper:
·
submit
the paper in both hard copy and by email attachment to me
·
the
paper should be no more than 30 double-spaced typed pages in length, including
references
·
use
a standard style (APA style is the most usual in our field - see the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association)
·
be
consistent in your reference citation and please give specific page numbers
(e.g. Fishman 1983:117).
Reading
Outline: those marked with * are available on the class blackboard site.
PART I. LANGUAGE PLANNING AND
POLICY (LPP): THEORY AND METHOD
Week 1. Global languages
and multilingualism / Historical, critical, ecological perspectives on LPP[i]
LP theory and method, chapters by Ricento, Tollefson, Pennycook
Reclaiming the local in LPP, chapters by Canagarajah, Bhatt, Lin et al.
*Ruiz, Richard (1984)
Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal 8(2):15-34.
*Phillipson, Robert & Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas (1996) English only worldwide or language ecology? TESOL
Quarterly 30(3), 429-452.
*Ricento, Thomas & Nancy
Hornberger (1996) Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT
professional. TESOL Quarterly 30(3), 401-428.
Week 2. Language ideologies
/ LPP definitions and typologies
LP theory and method, chapters by Schmidt, Schiffman
LP and social change, chapters 1 & 2 (LP cases & definitions)
*Garvin, Paul L. (1974). Some
comments on language planning. In Advances in Language Planning, edited by
Joshua Fishman. 69-78.
*Neustupny, J.V. (1974). Basic types of treatment of language
problems. In Advances in Language Planning, edited by Joshua Fishman. 37-48.
*Shohamy, E.
(2006). Expanding language policy. In Language
Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches (pp. 45-57). London: Routledge.
*Spolsky, B.
(2007). Towards a theory of language policy. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 22(1), 1-14.
Week 3. Van pelt introduction /Research topics
explored on databases
Week 4. Conceptual and
methodological approaches to LPP research
LP theory and method, chapters by Grin, Wiley,
Canagarajah, Wodak, Baker
*Hornberger, N. H., &
Johnson, D. C. (2007) Slicing the onion ethnographically: Layers and spaces in
multilingual language education policy and practice. TESOL Quarterly, 41(3), 509-532.
*Cross,
R. (2009) A sociocultural framework for language policy and planning. Language Problems and Language
Planning, 33(1), 22-42.
*Hult,
F. M. (2010). Analysis of language policy discourses across the scales of space
and time. International Journal of the
Sociology of Language.
*Hornberger,
N. H., & D. C. Johnson (2010) The ethnography of language policy. In Ethnography and Language Policy, edited by T. L. McCarty (Routledge).
*Lo
Bianco, J. (2010). Language policy and planning. In Sociolinguistics and Language Education, edited by N. H. Hornberger & S. L. McKay
(Multilingual Matters).
Week 5. LPP processes and frameworks[ii]
LP and social change, chapters 3 & 4 (LP
frameworks: management of innovation, marketing, pursuit and maintenance of
power, decision-making)
*Karam, Francis X. (1974) Toward
a definition of language planning. In Advances in Language Planning, edited by
J. Fishman. 103-124.
*Fishman, J. (1979) Bilingual
education, language planning and English. English
World-Wide 1(1): 11-24.
*Haugen, Einar (1983) The
implementation of corpus planning: Theory and practice. In Progress
in Language Planning, edited by Juan Cobarrubias. 269-290.
Week 6. Official languages
and national identities / LPP policy goals: Officialization, nationalization, standardization[iii]
LP theory and method, chapters by Blommaert, Hornberger
LP and social change, chapter 5 (status planning)
Reclaiming the local in LPP, chapter by Utakis & Pita
*Rabin, Chaim (1971). A tentative classification of language
planning aims. In Can language be planned?
Sociolinguistic theory and practice for developing nations, edited
by Joan Rubin and Bjorn Jernudd. 277-279.
*Nahir, Moshe (1984). Language planning goals: a
classification. In Language Problems and Language Planning 8(3): 294-327.
*Ruiz, Richard (1990). Official
languages and language planning. In Perspectives on Official English, edited
by K. Adams & D. Brink. 11-24.
BREAK
Week 7. Minority languages
and education[iv] / LPP cultivation goals: Revival, maintenance, spread, shift
LP and social change, chapter 7 (acquisition planning)
Reclaiming the local in LPP,
chapters
by Martin, Mermann et al.
*Fishman, Joshua (1969). National languages and languages of wider
communication in the developing nations.
Anthropological Linguistics
11(4):111-135.
*Cobarrubias, Juan (1983). Ethical issues in status planning. In Progress
in Language Planning, edited by J. Cobarrubias. 41-86.
Week 8. Local languages and
local identities / LPP corpus goals: Standardization, graphization,
modernization, reform, purism
LP and social change, chapter 6 (corpus planning)
Reclaiming the local in LPP, chapters by Ryon, Souza
Indigenous literacies in the Americas, chapters
by González Ventura, López
*Ferguson, Charles A. (1968).
Language development. In Language
Problems of Developing Nations, edited by J. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, &
J. Das Gupta. 27-35.
*Dorian, Nancy (1994). Purism vs. compromise in language
revitalization and language revival. Language in Society 23: 479-494.
Week 9: Endangered languages and linguistic human rights[v] / LPP and social change
LP theory and method, chapter by May
LP and social change, chapters 8 & 9 (social change & concluding
summary)
Indigenous literacies in the Americas, chapters by Dick &
McCarty, Watahomigie & McCarty, Benjamin et al., & Hornberger
conclusion
*Fishman, Joshua (1991). Theoretical recapitulation: What is reversing
language shift (RLS) and how can it succeed?
In Reversing Language Shift,
by Joshua Fishman. 381-419.
*Phillipson, R, M. Rannut,
& T. Skutnabb-Kangas (1995). Introduction. In Linguistic Human Rights, edited by T. Skutnabb-Kangas & R.
Phillipson. 1-22.
PART II. CASE STUDIES IN A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Week 10. Quechua LPP and
education in the Andes[vi] / Student research
* Hornberger, N. H. (2006).
Voice and biliteracy in indigenous language revitalization: Contentious
educational practices in quechua, guarani, and maori contexts. Journal of Language, Identity, and
Education, 5(4), 277-292.
*Hornberger, N. H., & Hult,
F. M. (2007). Ecological language education policy. In B. Spolsky & F. M.
Hult (Eds.), Handbook of educational
linguistics (pp. 280-296). New York: Blackwell Publishers.
*King, K. A., &
Hornberger, N. H. (2006). Quechua as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 177-194.
Weeks 11-13. Student
research
Additional
References on Language Planning
Reference lists attached and also available on course BB for
LPP case studies (book-length)
LPP monographs
LPP edited volumes
External Links on BB to:
LPP periodicals
Websites on LPP issues
LPP case study resource file drawer -- ask NHH
Language Planning Newsletter (1972-1984) and New Language Planning Newsletter (1980ŕ) – ask NHH
[i] Selected supplementary readings (week 1 –
historical and theoretical perspectives):
*Hornberger,
Nancy H. (2002) Multilingual language policies and the continua of biliteracy:
An ecological approach. Language Policy,
1(1), 27-51.
Paulston,
Christina Bratt, & G. Richard Tucker, eds. (1997) The Early Days of Sociolinguistics: Memories and Reflections.
Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
*Ricento,
Thomas (2000) Historical and theoretical
perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 196-213.
Wiley,
Terrence G. (1996) Language planning and
policy. In Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, edited by S. McKay & N.
Hornberger. 103-147.
[ii] Selected supplementary reading (week 5 –
processes and frameworks):
Bamgbose,
Ayo (1989) Issues for a model of
language planning. Language Problems and
Language Planning 13: 24-34.
Rubin,
Joan (1986) City planning and language planning. In Language
Planning: Proceedings of an Institute, edited by E. Annamalai, B. Jernudd,
& J. Rubin. 105-122.
*Shohamy, E. (2003)
Implications of language education policies for language study in schools and
universities. Modern Language Journal, 87,
278-286.
Tollefson,
James W. (1981) Centralized and
decentralized language planning. Language Problems and Language Planning
5(2): 175-188.
[iii] Selected supplementary readings (week 6 –
status and acquisition policy):
Dogançay-Aktuna,
Seran (1997) Language planning. In Research
Methods in Language and Education, edited by N. Hornberger & D. Corson.
*Hornberger,
Nancy (1994) Literacy and language
planning. Language and Education 8(1-2): 75-86.
Markee,
Numa, ed. (2002) Language in Development. TESOL
Quarterly, 36(2), entire.
Rubin,
Joan (1977) Bilingual education and language planning. In Frontiers of Bilingual Education, edited by B. Spolsky & R. L.
Cooper. 282-294.
[iv] Selected supplementary readings (week 7 –
status and acquisition cultivation):
Wiley,
Terrence G., & Guadalupe Valdés, eds. (2000) Heritage Language Instruction
in the United States: A Time for Renewal. Bilingual
Research Journal, 24(4), Entire issue.
Peyton,
Joy Kreeft, Donald A. Ranard, & Scott McGinnis, eds. (2001) Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a
National Resource. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Campbell,
Russell, et al. (2002) Intergenerational transfer of heritage languages. Heritage Language Journal, www.heritagelanguages.org.
*Hornberger,
Nancy H., ed. (2005) Heritage/Community Language Education: US and Australian
Perspectives. International Journal of
Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 7(3).
Hornberger, N. H., &
Wang, S. C. (2008) Who are our heritage language learners? Identity and biliteracy in heritage language
education in the United States. In D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan & S. Bauckus (eds.),
Heritage language education: A new field
emerging (pp. 3-35). New York and London: Routledge.
[v] Selected supplementary readings (week 9 –
endangered languages):
Paulston,
C. B. (1997) Language policies and language rights. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26: 73-85.
*Pennycook,
A. (2004). Language policy and the ecological turn. Language Policy, 3(3), 213-239.
*Romaine, S. (2006). Planning
for the survival of linguistic diversity. Language
Policy, 5, 441-473.
[vi] Selected supplementary readings (week 10 –
Quechua LPP):
Indigenous literacies in the Americas,
chapters by Hornberger, Godenzzi, Chirinos, Hornberger & King
*Hornberger,
Nancy (1995). Five vowels or three? Linguistics and
politics in Quechua language planning in Peru.
In J. W. Tollefson (Ed.) Power and
Inequality in Language Education.
Cambridge University Press, 187-205.
*Hornberger, Nancy H. & Kendall A. King
(1996). Language revitalization in the
Andes: Can the schools reverse language shift?
Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural Development 17(6), 427-441.
Hornberger,
Nancy H., & Luis Enrique López (1998). Policy, possibility and paradox:
Indigenous multilingualism and education in Peru and Bolivia. In J. Cenoz &
F. Genesee (Eds.), Beyond Bilingualism:
Multilingualism and Multilingual Education (pp. 206-242). Clevedon,
England: Multilingual Matters.
*Hornberger, Nancy H., & Kendall A. King
(2001). Reversing Quechua language shift in South America. In J. A. Fishman
(Ed.), Can Threatened Languages be Saved?
"Reversing Language Shift" Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective
(pp. 166-194). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
*Hornberger,
Nancy H., & Serafin M. Coronel-Molina (2004). Quechua language shift,
maintenance and revitalization in the Andes: The case for language planning. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language.
*Mannheim,
Bruce (1984). Una nación acorralada:
Southern Peruvian Quechua language planning and politics in historical
perspective. Language in Society 13(3):291-309.
LPP case studies
Alexander,
Neville (2000) English unassailable but
unattainable: The dilemma of language policy in South African education
(Occasional Papers 3). Cape Town, South Africa: PRAESA.
Amery,
Rob (2000) Warrabarna Haurna: Reclaiming
an Australian Language. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Bourhis,
Richard Y. (1984) Conflict and Language Planning in Quebec. Avon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Chen, Suchiao (2003) The spread of English in Taiwan: Changing
uses and shifting attitudes. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
Crawford,
James (1992) Hold Your Tongue: Bilingualism and the Politics of English-Only. Addison-Wesley.
Das
Gupta, Jyotirinda (1970) Language Conflict and National Development:
Group Politics and National Language Policy in India. Berkeley, California: University of
California Press.
Davis,
Kathryn (1994) Language Planning in Multilingual Contexts: Policies, Communities, and
Schools in Luxembourg. Philadelphia:
John Benjamins.
Dua,
Hans (1985) Language Planning in India. New Delhi: Harnam Publishers.
Haugen,
Einar (1966) Language Conflict and Language Planning: The Case of Modern Norwegian. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press.
Heath,
Shirley B.(1972) Telling Tongues: Language Policy in Mexico, Colony to Nation.
New York: Teachers College Press.
Hornberger, Nancy H. (1988) Bilingual
Education and Language Maintenance: A Southern Peruvian Quechua Case. Berlin: Mouton.
Jaffe,
Alexandra. (1999) Ideologies in Action:
Language Politics on Corsica. Berlin: Mouton.
Kaplan,
Robert, & Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (2002) Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin.:
Kluwer Academic Publishers.
King,
Kendall A. (2000) Language Revitalization
Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes. Clevedon, UK:
Multilingual Matters.
Kloss,
Heinz (1977) The American Bilingual Tradition.
Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.
Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.
Levine,
Marc V. (1990) The Reconquest of Montreal: Language Policy and Social Change in a
Bilingual City. Temple University
Press.
McCarty, Teresa L. (2002) A
Place To Be Navajo--Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in
Indigenous Schooling. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mühlhäusler,
Peter. (1996) Linguistic Ecology:
Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region. London:
Routledge.
Patrick, D. (2003) Language, politics, and social interaction
in an Inuit community. Berlin: Mouton.
Peranteau,
Paul. (2001) Language and National
Identity: Comparing France and Switzerland. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Ramanathan, V. (2005) The
English-Vernacular Divide: Postcolonial Language Politics and Practice (Vol. BEB 49). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual
Matters.
Romaine,
Suzanne (1992) Language, Education, and Development: Urban and Rural Tok Pisin in
Papua New Guinea. Oxford: Clarendon
Press.
Spolsky,
Bernard, & E. Shohamy (1999) The
Languages of Israel: Policy, Ideology, and Practice. Clevedon, UK:
Multilingual Matters.
Tollefson
, James W. (1981) The Language Situation and Language Policy in Slovenia.
Washington D.C.: University Press of
America.
Webb,
Victor (2002) Language in South Africa:
The Role of Language in National Transformation, Reconstruction, and
Development. Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Woolard,
Kathryn A. (1989) Double Talk: Bilingualism and the Politics of Ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
LPP monographs
Blackledge, A. (2005). Discourse and Power in a Multilingual
World. Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Corson,
David (1999). Language Policy in Schools:
A Resource for Teachers and Administrators. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Coulmas,
Florian (1989). Language Adaptation.
Cambridge University Press.
Crawford,
James (2000). At War with Diversity: U.S.
Language Policy in an Age of Anxiety. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Crawford,
James (1992). Language Loyalties: A Source Book on the Official English Controversy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cummins,
Jim (2000). Language, Power and Pedagogy:
Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ferguson, G. (2006). Language
Planning and Education. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press.
Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical
and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Harrison, K. David (2007). When languages die: The extinction of the
world's languages and the erosion of human knowledge. New York: Oxford.
Hinton,
Leanne. (2002) How to Keep Your Language
Alive: A Commonsense Approach to One-on-One Language Learning. Berkeley,
CA: Heyday Books.
Jernudd,
Bjorn (1990). Lectures on Language Problems.
New Delhi: Bahri Publications.
Kaplan,
Robert B. & Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (1997).
Language Planning: From Practice
to Theory. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters. ISBN 1-85359-371-0.
Maffi,
Luisa (2001) On Biocultural Diversity:
Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Washington DC:
Smithsonian Institution Press.
Mar-Molinero, C. (2000). The politics of language in the
Spanish-speaking world. London: Routledge.
May, S. (2001). Language and minority rights: Ethnicity,
nationalism and the politics of language. Essex, UK: Pearson Education.
Milroy,
James & Lesley Milroy (1985). Authority in Language: Investigating Language
Prescription and Standardisation.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Pennycook,
Alastair (1998). English and the
Discourses of Colonialism. London: Routledge.
Schmidt, R. (2000). Language
Policy and Identity Politics in the United States. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Sebba, M. (2007). Spelling
and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shohamy,
E. (2006). Language Policy:
Hidden Agendas and New Approaches.
London: Routledge.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000) Linguistic Genocide in Education--or
Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Spolsky,
B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky,
B. (2009). Language
Management: Cambridge University
Press.
Weinstein,
Brian (1983). The Civic Tongue: Political Consequences of Language Choices. New
York and London: Longman.
Wright, S. (2004). Language policy and language planning: From nationalism to globalisation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
LPP edited volumes
Ammon,
Ulrich, ed. (1989) Status and Function of
Languages and Language Varieties. Berlin: Mouton.
Annamalai,
E., Björn Jernudd, & Joan Rubin, eds. (1986) Language
Planning: Proceedings of an Institute.
Mysore, India: Central Institute
of Indian Languages.
Brinton, D. M., O. Kagan,
& S. Bauckus, eds. (2008) Heritage
language education: A new field emerging. New York: Routledge.
Cobarrubias,
Juan and Joshua Fishman, eds. (1983) Progress in Language Planning: International
Perspectives. New York: Mouton.
Coulmas,
Florian, ed. (1988) With Forked Tongues: What are National Languages Good For? Singapore: Karoma Publishers.
Cooper, R. L., E. Shohamy, & J. Walters, ,eds. (2001) New Perspectives and Issues in
Educational Language Policy: A Festschrift for Bernard Dov Spolsky. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Creese, A., & P. Martin, eds. (2003) Multilingual Classroom Ecologies:
Inter-relationships, Interactions and Ideologies (Vol. BEB 44). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual
Matters.
Duchene, A., & M.
Heller, eds. (2007) Discourses of
endangerment: Ideology and interest in the defence of languages. Continuum.
Elangaiyan, R., R.M.
Brown, N. Ostler, & M.K. Verma, eds. (2007) Vital voices: Endangered languages and multilingualism. Bath,
UK/Mysore, India: Foundation for Endangered Languages/Central Institute of
Indian Languages.
Fishman,
Joshua A., ed. (2000) Can Threatened
Languages be Saved? "Reversing Language Shift" Revisited.
Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Fishman,
Joshua A., ed. (1993) The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The
"First Congress" Phenomenon.
Mouton de Gruyter.
Fishman,
Joshua A., ed. (1974) Advances in Language Planning. The Hague: Mouton.
Fishman,
Joshua A., Charles A. Ferguson, and Jyotirinda das Gupta, eds. (1968) Language
Problems of Developing Nations. New
York: Wiley and Sons.
Fodor,
Istvan & Claude Hagege, eds. (1983/84) Language
Reform: History and Future/La Reform des Langues: Histoire et
Avenir/Sprachreform: Geschichte und Zukunft. Hamburg:Buske Verlag. 6 vols.
Freeland, Jane (1999)
Indigenous Language Maintenance in Latin America. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2(3),
entire issue.
Freeland, J., & D.
Patrick, eds. (2004) Language rights and
language survival: Sociolinguistic and sociocultural perspectives.
Manchester, UK: St. Jerome.
García, O., T. Skutnabb-Kangas, & M.E. Torres-Guzmán, eds. (2006)
Imagining Multilingual
Schools: Languages in Education and Glocalization. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Gopinathan,
S. et al., eds. (1994) Language, Society and Education in
Singapore: Issues and Trends.
Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Hall,
Joan Kelly, & William Eggington, eds. (2000) The Sociopolitics of English Language Teaching. Clevedon, UK:
Multilingual Matters.
Hinton,
Leanne, & Kenneth Hale, eds. (2001). The
Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. San Diego & New
York: Academic Press.
Hornberger, N. H., ed. (2008) Can
Schools save Indigenous languages?
Policy and practice on four continents. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hornberger, N. H.,
& M. Pütz, eds. (2006) Language
loyalty, language planning, and language revitalization: Recent writings and
reflections from Joshua A. Fishman. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Huebner,
Thomas, & Kathryn Davis, eds. (1999) Sociopolitical
Perspectives on Language Planning and Policy in the USA. Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Kennedy,
Chris, ed.(1983) Language Planning and
Language Education. London: G. Allen & Unwin.
King, K. A., N. Schilling-Estes, L. Fogle, J.J. Lou, & B.
Soukup, eds. (2008) Sustaining
Linguistic Diversity: Endangered and Minority Languages and Language Varieties. Washington DC: Georgetown U Press.
Kontra,
Miklós, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, & Tibor Várady, eds.
(1999). Language: A Right and a Resource.
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