September 11th Curriculum

Artwork by Nadia Hafid

A multimodal curriculum for high school and college educators and students about the ongoing global impact of 9/11, focusing on the years 2001-2021.

September 11, 2001—and how the events of that day continue to shape our world—can be a difficult subject for any teacher, particularly in the United States. This project provides educators with materials and pathways to explore the ongoing consequences of 9/11 through critical inquiry and a social justice lens that situates anti-Muslim rhetoric and policy within a larger historical narrative. Created by a team of educators from the University of Pennsylvania in collaboration with inter/national scholars, practitioners, and community activist leaders, we offer multiple entry points for educators working across an array of subjects to discuss Islamophobia, xenophobia, civil liberties, long-lasting wars, media and representation, and other topics. Our goal is to help students move beyond the headlines to deepen their understandings of the post-9/11 global context and continuing implications on a number of communities worldwide.

Who It’s For

US and World History teachers
High school students in grades 11 & 12
First-year college students

Electives in: Cinema Studies, Contemporary Literature, Debate, Humanities, Journalism, Poetry, Popular Literature, Asian Studies, Ethnic Studies, Civics, Current Events, Political Science, US Government, Women's Studies, International Relations, Visual Art, Digital Media

About
Curriculum Goals
How to Use
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About

The events of September 11th and their aftermath have shaped global foreign policy, national security, immigration, race, and perceptions around religion and citizenship for over twenty years. But for the vast majority of young people in K-20 classrooms today, 9/11 is a day that is frozen in time. Many young people do not yet have the historical perspective or analysis to understand the tremendous changes that occurred as a result of 9/11 and subsequent related events.

The Teaching Beyond September 11^th project’s 20 stand-alone modules include over 50 lessons across six themes that have been selected through a careful media analysis of global events between 2001-2021. The lesson plans have been developed by a diverse range of inter/national scholars, practitioners, and community activist leaders who are from (and/or work with) various communities impacted by 9/11 and foregrounds perspectives that are often overlooked.

This project is generously funded by the University of Pennsylvania’s Global Engagement Office with support from Penn’s Graduate School of Education and the Penn Libraries. Additional support comes from Penn’s Middle East Center and South Asia Center.

Curriculum Goals

The Teaching Beyond September 11^th project helps educators supplement their courses with a wide array of materials that:

Invite learners to critically examine the history of 9/11 to understand its ongoing consequences.
Expose learners to the lived experiences and histories of affected communities, highlighting the interwoven histories of discrimination and race in the US and globally, and
Draw connections between the influence of 9/11 on national security, immigration policies, race relations, and related global events.

We want students to:

Understand the ongoing effects of the post 9/11 era, including hate violence, profiling, surveillance, and the “War on Terror”, while also recognizing that anti-Muslim racism is not a post-9/11 phenomenon and in fact has a long history.
Analyze the multiple and continuing socio-political impacts of 9/11 domestically and globally by using one event from every year from 2001 to 2021 to explore a different issue.
Relate anti-Muslim racism/violence with other forms of racism and violence (e.g. Black Lives Matter; xenophobia, anti-Semitism etc.) in the United States and abroad.
Empathize with the various groups impacted by 9/11 in the United States and abroad through social justice and community-grounded perspectives highlighting how people are experiencing the effects of the post 9/11 world, while advocating, resisting, and imagining better futures.
Identify avenues for solidarity with other groups and be motivated to act to make change.
Take responsibility to share this knowledge with others.

How to Use

Organized across six themes, the 20-module curriculum is structured to allow for maximum flexibility and does not need to be taught sequentially. Each module is grounded in a year between 2001-2021 and contains 2-4 lessons. Lessons are designed to be taught as stand-alone 50-minute sessions but can also be used to build upon concepts and themes across class meetings. A description of each module and the lessons within it can be found below.

Illustration of the Statue of Liberty at a speaker's podium with a US flag in the background

Democracy + Rights

2008 – Islamophobia and the Oval Office
2011 – Radicalization in Perspective
2014 – Islamophobia in Europe

Illustration of a handcuffed person in a prison jumpsuit flanked by two guards with security cameras pointing at them

Domestic Policy

2002 – Surveillance of Muslims
2004 – Civil Liberties after 9/11
2006 – 5 years into the "War on Terror"
2017 – The Muslim and African Ban

Illustration of a tank with an American flag with two military drones in the sky and palm trees in the background

Foreign Policy

2001 – The beginnings of the US involvement in Afghanistan
2003 – The 2nd Persian Gulf War
2009 – Afghanistan: The US’ longest war (2001-2021)

Illustration of a man in a turban and a woman in a burqa on a cinema screen with an audience watching

Media & Representation

2005 – Freedom of Speech and Muslim Representation
2018 – Muslim Women and Representation
2019 – Muslims and/in Popular Culture

Illustration of a diverse group of people standing behind a banner that says 'Justice', two people are holding cell phones

Solidarity & Social Justice

2010 – Youth and Activism in Global Perspective
2012 – (Responding to) Hate Violence
2016 – Rising Youth Activism in the US

Illustration of a person facing forward with a sad look and two people in the background looking at them – one person looks disapproving and the other person looks scared.

Public Opinion, Perception & Anti-Muslim Sentiment

2007 – Understanding Islamophobia
2013 – US Domestic Terrorism
2015 – Muslim Youth and Schools
2020 – Public opinion over the last 20 years

Sensitive Content

A note to educators:

A number of the topics that this curriculum covers may be emotionally demanding for students. Some lessons will challenge students’ worldviews, while others might cause discomfort, especially for students from impacted communities. As educators, we believe that some of the best learning happens outside of one’s comfort zone; that being said, it is imperative for educators to approach these topics with sensitivity so as not to reinforce stereotypes or create tensions within groups of students or foster disinformation. Understanding who the students in your class are and the context of their lives will help prevent misunderstandings and better inform learning. We provide resources on how to introduce complex and emotionally challenging material to students and encourage educators/facilitators to look through these ideas before introducing these lessons.