Professional Biography
A former Peace Corps volunteer and public school social studies teacher, Dr. Zimmerman holds a Ph.D. in history from the Johns Hopkins University. His scholarship has focused broadly on the ways that different peoples have imagined and debated education across time and space. He has authored books about sex and alcohol education, history and religion in the curriculum, Americans who taught overseas, and historical memory in public schooling. His most recent work examines campus politics in the United States, the teaching of controversial issues in public schools, and the history of college teaching.
Zimmerman’s academic work has appeared in the Journal of American History, the Teachers College Record, and History of Education Quarterly. He is also a columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer and a frequent contributor to the New York Times, the Washington Post, the New York Review of Books, and other popular newspapers and magazines. He came to Penn GSE after 20 years at New York University, where he served as chair of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences in NYU’s Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Zimmerman received NYU’s Distinguished Teaching Award, its highest recognition for teaching. His former Ph.D. students have held positions at Carleton College, George Mason University, Brown University, and many other institutions.
Zimmerman has received book and article prizes from the American Educational Research Association, the Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, and the History of Education Society, where he served as president in 2009–2010. He is co-editor of the Histories of American Education book series at Cornell University Press and also of the History and Philosophy of Education series at the University of Chicago Press. He has received several research awards from the Spencer Foundation, which also supported a kickoff conference for his University of Chicago book series.
- Ph.D. (History) Johns Hopkins University, 1993
- M.A. (History) Johns Hopkins University, 1990
- B.A. (Urban Studies) Columbia University, summa cum laude, 1983
- History/politics of education
- “Culture Wars” in American and global contexts
- Sex, sexuality, and schools
- Campus protests
- College teaching
- Education and historical memory
- History of Medicine
Research Interests and Current Projects
Dr. Zimmerman is the author of The Amateur Hour: A History of College Teaching in America, which was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in October 2020. Drawing upon student evaluations and other manuscript materials in dozens of university archives, the book provides our first in-depth examination of how undergraduate teaching practices in the United States took root and changed over time. He is also the author of Free Speech, and Why You Should Give a Damn (City of Light Press, April 2021), which features drawings by the Pulitzer Prize–winning cartoonist Signe Wilkinson. Most recently, Dr. Zimmerman published a revised 20th-anniversary edition of his 2002 book Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools (University of Chicago Press, September 2022). The new edition examines debates over Critical Race Theory, the 1619 Project, and other contemporary conflicts over the school curriculum. Dr. Zimmerman is currently researching a book about how American schools and universities have experienced and addressed health epidemics over the past two centuries.
Selected Publications

The Case for Contention: Teaching Controversial Issues in American Schools
- Jonathan Zimmerman
The University of Chicago Press Books

Free Speech and Why You Should Give a Damn
- Jonathan Zimmerman
City of Light Publishing

Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools (2nd ed.)
- Jonathan Zimmerman
The University of Chicago Press

The Amateur Hour: A History of College Teaching in America
- Jonathan Zimmerman
Johns Hopkins University Press

Too Hot to Handle: A Global History of Sex Education
- Jonathan Zimmerman
Princeton University Press

Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know
- Jonathan Zimmerman
Oxford University Press
Zimmerman, J. (2022). Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools (2nd ed.). Univesity of Chicago Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2021). Free Speech and Why You Should Give a Damn (S. Wilkinson, Illus.). City of Light.
Zimmerman, J. (2020). The Amateur Hour: A History of College Teaching in America. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2018). "Education in the Age of Obama: The Paradox of Consensus." In J. E. Zelizer (Ed.), The presidency of Barack Obama: A first historical assessment. Princeton University Press.
Zimmerman, J., & Robertson, E. (2017). The Case for Contention: Teaching Controversial Issues in American Schools. University of Chicago Press.
Zimmerman. J. (2016). Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2016). Too Hot to Handle: A Global History of Sex Education. Princeton University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2012). “Uncle Sam at the Blackboard: The Federal Government and American Education.” In S. Conn (Ed.), To Promote the General Welfare: The Case for Big Government. Oxford University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2011). “Money, Materials and Manpower": Ghanaian In-Service Teacher Education and the Political Economy of Failure, 1961–1971. History of Education Quarterly, 51(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00308.x
Zimmerman, J. (2010). “Simplified Spelling and Efficiency in the ‘Progressiv’ Era.” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 9(3), 365–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781400004102
Zimmerman, J. (2009). Small Wonder: The Little Red Schoolhouse in History and Memory. Yale University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2006). Innocents Abroad: American Teachers in the American Century. Harvard University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2002). “Ethnics Against Ethnicity: European Immigrants and Foreign-Language Instruction, 1890–1940.” Journal of American History, 88(4), 1383–1404. https://doi.org/10.2307/2700602
Zimmerman, J. (2002). Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools. Harvard University Press.
Zimmerman, J. (2000). “‘Each “Race” Could Have Its Heroes Sung’: Ethnicity and the History Wars in the 1920s.” Journal of American History, 87(1), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/2567917
Zimmerman, J. (1999). Distilling Democracy: Alcohol Education in America’s Public Schools, 1880–1925. University Press of Kansas.
Zimmerman, J. (1995). “Beyond Double Consciousness: Black Peace Corps Volunteers in Africa, 1961–1971.” Journal of American History, 82(3), 999–1028, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2307/2945109
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Eight Penn GSE faculty feature prominently in the rankings, which celebrate the most influential education researchers in the nation.
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Jonathan Zimmerman states that literacy rates were low after the Civil War, particularly in the South and poorer states.
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How the Mideast War Has Shaken America’s Cultural Institutions
In the Media | The New York Times
Jonathan Zimmerman states that cultural spaces should prioritize free and open dialogue, even when discussions are unsettling, asserting that public thinkers and artists must embrace the "rough-and-tumble" of discourse as essential to their mission.
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Jonathan Zimmerman observes that America's "brittle and abusive" political climate has shifted culture war debates within education from race to issues of gender and sexuality, disproportionately impacting English teachers who more directly address these subjects in their curricula.
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Topics like the upcoming presidential election may lead to difficult discussions in communities and classrooms. Jonathan Zimmerman offers advice on how to facilitate constructive dialogue among your students.
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College rankings are leaving out the most important factor
In the Media | The Washington Post
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman argues that college rankings should prioritize teaching quality, advocating for classroom observations to assess professor effectiveness rather than relying on inadequate metrics like salaries or student evaluations.
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Tim Walz 'taught both sides of everything.' In these polarized times, could he be a great teacher today?
In the Media | The Philadelphia Inquirer
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman writes that the type of well-rounded teaching that Tim Walz was known for in his educational career would not be possible today because of standardized testing.
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Three Florida professors file lawsuit against Republican-led tenure restrictions
In the Media | The Washington Times
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman argues that the push to weaken tenure will hurt all professors, and warns that these efforts can be turned on conservative professors, even though they are being used against progressive professors currently.
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Don't shut down debate about Israel and antisemitism
In the Media | Chicago Tribune
Jonathan Zimmerman argues that Congress should not pass a law that uses the IHRA's definition of antisemitism, because it would prevent debate and discussion about what constitutes antisemitism on college campuses.
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Navigating The Murky Waters Of Antisemitism, Free Speech, And Academic Freedom
In the Media | Forbes
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman discussed free speech and academic freedom in relation to concerns of antisemetic speech on campus, and what the definition of such speech would be.
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Race, gender, history, sex: A deep dive into the restrictive laws impacting K12
In the Media | District Administration
Jonathan Zimmerman explains that controversy around what is being taught in classrooms is nothing new, but what is new is the aggressive legislative approach states are taking.
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“State legislatures have now used the power of law to try to inscribe one view, and to prevent another,” Jonathan Zimmerman told the Washington Post.
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A new year means a new version of the RHSU Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings, with the 2024 edition announced yesterday by Education Week. Nine researchers from the University of Pennsylvania made the annual 200-member list, which was created by Rick Hess of the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) to gauge the public impact of ed scholars’ contributions.
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As schools find themselves at the epicenter of debates surrounding issues like race, gender and sexual orientation, educators must grapple with the challenges of a rapidly politicized classroom environment.
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Rise of the microschool: Small, student-centered learning spaces take off
In the Media | Christian Science Monitor
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman considers quality monitoring in schools a civic responsibility given the need for an educated populace.
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The best DEI program: better college teaching
In the Media | The Philadelphia Inquirer
In the wake of the Supreme Court striking down affirmative action, Jonathan Zimmerman writes that what will really make a difference for Black and brown students is improved classroom instruction.
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Opinion: How we got interminable summer breaks from school — and what we can do about it
In the Media | Los Angeles Times
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman says a new take on summer schooling could connect more teachers with the passion and idealism that brought them into education in the first place.
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The Supreme Court has struck down affirmative action. That might help campus diversity.
In the Media | The Philadelphia Inquirer
Jonathan Zimmerman says that, in light of affirmative action being overturned, some colleges may base admissions on income. That could bring in more white working-class students, which will make campuses more ideologically diverse places.
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University of Arkansas to close diversity, equity and inclusion office
In the Media | The Washington Times
Jonathan Zimmerman says, “The best thing we could do to promote equity and inclusion in higher education would be to provide more tutoring and other academic support to first-generation and minority students."
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Florida public colleges tag conservative lawmakers as university presidents
In the Media | The Washington Times
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman calls the moves for conservative lawmakers becoming university presidents an “erosion of trust” in higher education to be unbiased.
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School censorship is not democratic. Speaking up is the solution.
In the Media | The Philadelphia Inquirer
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman criticizes legislation limiting what can be taught about American history.
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Jonathan Zimmerman criticizes the censorship of books in school as inhibiting free discussion.
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Colleges expand ‘segregated’ graduation events
In the Media | The Washington Times
Jonathan Zimmerman says people should not be stopped from choosing to participate in 'segregated' graduation ceremonies specialized for minority groups.
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Conservatives excluded from 2023 commencement invites
In the Media | The Washington Times
Jonathan Zimmerman says our colleges and universities do not effectively expose students to different points of view.
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College prospects pick schools based on state politics
In the Media | The Washington Times
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman says the political “self-segregation” of students who want to avoid other viewpoints doesn’t help political divisions.
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Jonathan Zimmerman sees the effort to bring religion into the classroom as–in some parts of the laws–clearly unconstitutional, while others are a bit more complicated.
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Adjunct professors often don’t ‘earn enough to eat.’ The rest of us need to speak up.
In the Media | The Philadelphia Inquirer
Jonathan Zimmerman says landing a tenure-track job has become akin to winning the lottery.
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Culture wars: Why social emotional learning is under attack in public schools
In the Media | News 24
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman explained that attacks on Critical Race Theory and Social and Emotional Learning by conservatives represent a new nationalization of educational politics.
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Sigal Ben-Porath and Jonathan Zimmerman study the boundaries of free speech and censorship in classrooms and curriculums.
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Survey finds Americans divided over how much attention to give Black History Month
In the Media | The Washington Times
TopicsMost adults think Black History Month is integral to the American story — but they disagree over whether it gets too much attention, according to a recent survey focused on polarization around American history and how to defuse the culture wars.
The results mean public schools need to do a better job of teaching both the history of minority groups and “what binds all of us together,” says Professor Jonathan Zimmerman, a #PennGSEExpert in the history of education. -
Zimmerman noted that "American exceptionalism" is a rallying cry for the political right, but is not enshrined in law as an educational goal.
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Zimmerman explains that hoop earrings were popular among both genders long before they were referenced in rap songs.
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The 2023 RHSU Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings
In the Media | Education Week
Jonathan Zimmerman is lauded for having shaped educational practice and policy in 2022.
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Eight University of Pennsylvania-affiliated researchers are ranked in the top 200 nationwide – and all eight are associated with Penn GSE.
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If Penn doesn't, will lack of interest force Amy Wax out?
In the Media | Times Higher Education
Jonathan Zimmerman argues that it would be unlikely for a tenured professor like Professor Wax to be forced out simply because students were not interested in attending her classes.
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Jonathan Zimmerman claims that most higher education institutions have not taken adequate steps to determine the impact of remote teaching on student learning, and this lack of effort is the real scandal.
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One way of addressing book bans? Allow for compromise
In the Media | Stars and Stripes
Jonathan Zimmerman discusses the opt-out option included in the guidelines for teaching sex education in schools and suggest similar compromises be applied to alleviate the polarized views on book bans.
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Back to school… and back to the culture war
In the Media | Courthouse News Service
Jonathan Zimmerman, expert on the history of education, discusses how Florida Governor Ron Desantis is making public schools a "national political project." Zimmerman explains that historically teachers get fired for differences in political idealogies that arise at a local or state level, but not any more.
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The Supreme Court gets an F in history for its rationales in abortion, gun rulings
In the Media | Chicago Tribune
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman writes that history can inform our contemporary debates, but it can’t resolve them.
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One country, two histories: What does it mean to be an American?
In the Media | The Christian Science Monitor
The United States has come to an inflection point in our disagreements about what America is and what it means, says Jonathan Zimmerman.
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Penn GSE's Jonathan Zimmerman and editorial cartoonist Signe Wilkinson are recognized for their contribution to the conversation about free speech.
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Why Teaching Still Gets No Respect in Doctoral Training
In the Media | The Chronicle of Higher Education
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman speaks about how teaching has been ignored until recently because “it has never been professionalized.” He says research has received more attention while teaching has gotten less, and suggests four guidelines for those considering peer review of teaching.
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Opinion: When students stumble, colleges should turn to restorative justice before expulsion
In the Media | The Washington Post
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman opined that the role of an educational institution is to make its students more aware, informed and thoughtful adults through structured dialogue – not necessarily to discipline them for words spoken and actions taken in the past.
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GOP state lawmakers file 56 bills to ban critical race theory
In the Media | The Washington Times
Jonathan Zimmerman said that bills banning the teaching of so-called “critical race theory” in schools could create more problems for conservatives than they solve. “I understand the danger of indoctrination in our schools, about race and everything else,” he said. “But the solution to that problem is to present multiple perspectives in our classrooms, not to bar certain perspectives from them.”
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You can't teach what you don't know
In the Media | The Hill, Opinion
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman posed tough questions about who will instruct students about the January 6, 2021, insurrection. Most of our history teachers, he says, are not adequately educated for that task.
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Jonathan Zimmerman proposed a domestic sister city program to alleviate partisan divisions and remind Americans of their commonalities.
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Jonathan Zimmerman asked, “Can we be honest about critical race theory (CRT)?” He argues the topic has become highly politicized. To confront biases, one must share different versions of America with students and allow them to use critical thinking skills to confront conflicting truths and weigh opposing arguments.
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The History Wars
In the Media | The Pennsylvania Gazette
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman talks about his latest book and the state of education in the U.S. In addition to failing to teach people how to distinguish information from disinformation, the education system hasn’t taught them to engage across differences, Zimmerman says. “The only institution that has even a chance of intervening in that,” he says, “is a school.”
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When students stumble, colleges should turn to restorative justice before expulsion
In the Media | The Washington Post
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman discusses a trend across higher education, where we’re relying on draconian penalties — especially suspensions — to discipline our students instead of working with them to help them get better.
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On His First Day in White House, Biden Dissolves Trump’s 1776 Commission on U.S. History
In the Media | The 74
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman told The 74 that the sometimes vituperative arguments about American ideals and history held a vital place in K-12 classrooms.
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The Ph.D. Glut and What to Do About It
In the Media | Washington Monthly
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman writes about the declining availability of tenure-track positions and a movement toward preparing doctoral students for jobs outside the academy, but suspects the change will come from outside of the academy, not from within it.
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In a virtual forum moderated by Penn GSE Dean Pam Grossman, Dr. Jonathan Zimmerman, Penn Law Professor Jacques deLisle, and Associate Vice Provost for Global Initiatives at Penn Global Amy Gadsden discussed the challenges of ensuring free speech in digital learning spaces.
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Amateur Hour in the College Classroom
In the Media | Inside Higher Ed
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman’s The Amateur Hour: A History of College Teaching in America is a richly researched, eye-opening history of college teaching in the United States over a span of more than a century and a half, mining personal papers and institutional records and reports from over 50 archives.
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Considered one of the foremost education historians today, Zimmerman has been listed among Education Week’s annual Top 100 "Edu-Scholars" who influence public discussion in the USA for the past decade.
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Jonathan Zimmerman advocated for a program that would enlist college students and other young adults to support school-aged children with online learning and extracurricular activities in exchange for a small stipend during the pandemic.
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Book banning is a bipartisan game
In the Media | The Dallas Morning News
Jonathan Zimmerman wrote about efforts by those at both ends of the political spectrum to censor certain books in schools. “It’s too easy to mock the conservatives out in Alaska. It’s a lot harder to look in the mirror, and to ask whether we liberals might be imitating them,” he wrote.
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When Schools Shut Down, We All Lose
In the Media | Education Week Online
TopicsJonathan Zimmerman writes, “Schools are always implicated in national crises, always,” pointing to schools’ role selling war bonds during World War I and cultivating victory gardens in World War II. “But in prior crises, they were engaged in the struggle, because it was a struggle against a human enemy rather than a biological one. This is a struggle against a biological one that requires schools not to step up, but to stand down.”
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Six researchers from Penn GSE have made Education Week’s 2020 Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings list.